An investment made directly into a company without going through a fund structure. Direct investments give the investor full control over deal selection and terms but require significant in-house deal sourcing and operational capabilities.
A direct investment made by limited partners alongside a private equity fund in a specific portfolio company. Co-investments typically carry reduced or no management fees and carried interest, providing LPs with additional exposure to attractive deals at lower cost.
An investor in a PE fund who provides capital but has limited involvement in fund management and investment decisions. LPs include pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, endowments, insurance companies, family offices, and high-net-worth individuals.